I
Discriptive
1.
Example
:
·
Personal Description
Uncle Hendra
I
am going to write about my favorite relative: my uncle Hendra. He's a farmer and
we don't see him often because he lives in another village. I really enjoy when
he comes to stay with us or we go to visit him.
He's
in his early 40s. He wears glasses, he's medium height and he likes good food.
As a result he's a little overweight. His hair is long and fair. I think he is
trying to look like a 60s rock singer. His main hobby is trekking, he usually
goes hiking with his friends. Sometimes I go with them.
Uncle
Hendra is an
amusing an friendly man. He loves telling jokes and laughing. In fact he never
stops talking. My mother, his sister, thinks he talks too much, but I am quite
happy to listen to him.
· Tourism
Description
Southern Part of Bali
Kuta is the
exciting tourist area on the southern part of Bali. Most tourists
visiting Bali do not forget to spend their time in Kuta. It is located in
southwestern Bali, just minutes from the airport.
Kuta is one of
the world's most famous beaches. It first attracted Western surfers with its
world renowned surf break followed closely behind by sun worshipers and party
goers attracted to its wide stretches of white sandy beach.
Kuta is the
center of night life activities. Kuta has a shopping mecca, with its lines of
shops, boutiques, and galleries. Restaurants line up the streets as well as the
beachfront hotels, ranging from a small, inexpensive homestay to a luxurious
resort
There are many
night clubs along Jalan Legian and Jalan Pantai Kuta. The busiest time for all
night clubs are around from 22:00 and will close until down.
II
Narrative
1.
Narrative is a text which contains
about story (fiction/ non fiction/tales/folktales/ fables/myths/epic) and its
plot consists of climax of the story (complication) then followed by the
resolution. A narrative text is a text amuse, entertain and deal with actual or
vicarious experience in different ways. Narrative deal with problematic events
which lead to a crisis or turning point of some kind, which in turn finds a
resolution. Social function of
Narrative is to amuse the reader and to tell a story. And with generic
structure : 1. Oriantation
2.
Complication
3.
Resolution
4.
Reoriantation
5.
Example
:
· Folk Story
Malin Kundang
(Folk Story from West
Sumatera)
Long time ago, in a
small village near the beach in West Sumatera, lived a woman and her son, Malin
Kundang. Malin Kundang's father had passed away when he was a baby, and he had
to live hard with his mother. Malin Kundang was a healthy, dilligent, and
strong child. He usually went to the sea to catch fish, and brought it to his
mother, or sold it in the town. 
One day, when Malin
Kundang was sailing as usual, he saw a merchant's ship which was being raided
by a small band of pirates. With his brave and power, Malin Kundang defeated
the pirates. The merchant was so happy and asked Malin Kundang to sail with
him. Malin Kundang agreed.
Many years later, Malin Kundang became a
wealthty merchant, with a huge ship, loads of trading goods, many ship crews,
and a beautiful wife. In his journey, his ship landed on a beach. The villagers
reconigzed him, and the news ran fast in the town. Malin Kundang became a rich man and now he is
here. His mother, in deepful sadnees after years of loneliness, ran to the
beach to meet her beloved son again.
When the mother came,
Malin Kundang, in front of his well dressed wife, his crews and his own
gloriness, denied to meet that old, poor and dirty woman. For three times she
begged Malin Kundang and for three times yelled at him. At last Malin Kundang
said to her "Enough, old woman! I have never had a mother like you, a
dirty and ugly peasant!" Then he ordered his crews to set sail. 
Enraged, she cursed
Malin Kundang that he would turn into a stone if he didn't apologize. Malin
Kundang just laughed and set sail. In the quiet sea, suddenly a thunderstorm
came. His huge ship was wrecked and it was too late for Malin Kundang to
apologized. He was thrown by the wave out of his ship, fell on a small island,
and suddenly turned into stone.
·
Legenda
The Legend Of Crying Stone
(Legenda from West
Kalimantan)
Once upon a time,
lived a poor old widow in a small village. She lived with her daughter. Her
daughter was very beautiful but also very lazy and arrogant. She never helped
her mother and didn’t want to know what problem her mother had. Everyday, she
put make up and wears her best clothes. She always wanted to look rich and
beautiful. 
One day, the mother
and her daughter went to the market to buy some food. At first, the daughter
refused to accompany her mother, but finally she agreed. “I’ll go with you, but
you must walk behind me,” said the daughter. She didn't want to walk side by
side with her mother. Although her mother was very sad, she agreed to walk
behind her daughter. 
On the way to the
market, everybody admired the girl's beauty. But they were also curious. Behind
the beautiful girl, there was an old woman with a simple dress. The girl and
her mother looked very different. “Hello, beautiful girl. Who is the old woman
behind you? Is she your mother?" they asked. “No, she is not my mother.
She is my servant,” the girl answered. Her mother was very sad to hear that,
but she didn't say anything. 
She could understand
that her daughter was ashamed. The girl and the mother met other people. Again
they asked who the woman behind the beautiful girl. And again the girl answered
that her mother is her servant. She always said that her mother is her servant
every time people asked. At last, the mother cannot hold the pain anymore. She
prayed to God to punish her daughter. 
Suddenly, the girl's
leg turns into stone. Slowly, the process continues to the upper part of the
girl's body. The girl was in panic. "Mother, please forgive me!
Mother!" she cried and asked her mother to forgive her. But it's already
too late. Her whole body finally becomes a big stone. Until now, people can
still see tears falling down from the stone. People then call it batu menangis
(it mean the crying stone).
III
Report
1. Example :
Borobudur
Temple
Borobudur Temple is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist monument near Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The monument comprises six square platforms topped by three circular platforms, and is decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues. A main dome, located at the center of the top platform, is surrounded by 72 Buddha statues seated inside perforated stupa.
The monument is both a
shrine to the Lord Buddha and a place for Buddhist pilgrimage. The journey for
pilgrims begins at the base of the
monument and follows a path circumambulating the monument while ascending to
the top through the three levels of Buddhist cosmology, namely Kāmadhātu (the
world of desire), Rupadhatu (the world of forms) and Arupadhatu (the world of
formlessness). During the journey
the monument guides the pilgrims through a system of stairways and corridors
with 1,460 narrative relief panels on the wall and the balustrades.
Evidence suggests Borobudur was abandoned following the
14th-century decline of Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms in Java, and the Javanese
conversion to Islam. Worldwide knowledge of its existence was sparked in 1814
by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, then the British ruler of Java, who was advised
of its location by native Indonesians.
Borobudur has since been preserved through several restorations.
The largest restoration project was undertaken between 1975 and 1982 by the
Indonesian government and UNESCO,
following which the monument was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Borobudur is still used for pilgrimage; once a year Buddhists in Indonesia
celebrate Vesak at the monument, and Borobudur is Indonesia's single most
visited tourist attraction.
IV
Procedure
1. Example :
How To
Make Ice Cream
Tools :
· Tub or large coffee can to hold salt and ice
· Glass bowl or small coffee can
· Electric mixer or whisk
· Ice cream scoop
· Storage container for freezer
Ingeridients :
Ø
2 cups milk (not skim)
or cream
Ø
2 tablespoons sugar
Ø
1 teaspoon Vanilla
extract (can substitute other flavoring.)
Ø
Several cups of Ice (the
smaller the pieces are better)
Ø
1 cup salt (rock salt is
best, but table salt can also be used)
Steps :
1) Setting up the cooling apparatus. Stir ice and
salt in the larger container. Double-check that the small container will fit
into the larger one even with the ice.
2) Combine the ingredients. Mix together the milk,
sugar, and vanilla in the glass bowl. Then, set this bowl in the tub filled
with ice and rock salt, making sure that the salt water does not spill into the
bowl. Instead of a glass bowl and tub, you can also use a small coffee can
inside a large coffee can.
3) Mix the ice cream. Mix the ingredients in the
small container vigorously. The salty ice mixture will cool the mixture down
until it turns into ice cream. Mix very thoroughly. If you're using a whisk
instead of an electric mixer in your glass bowl, you'll have to stir very hard,
or ice crystals will form in the ice cream. If you are using the coffee can
method, make sure both cans are well sealed, and then roll and shake to mix the
ice cream mixture. It should take about 10 to 15 minutes to stir the ice cream
using either method. Stir until it is free from ice crystals and is the right
consistency.
4) Storage and serving. If you don't eat the ice
cream right away, be sure to store it in the freezer so that it doesn't melt.
V
Recount
1.
Recount is a text
that telling the reader about one story, action or activity. Its goal is to
entertaining or informing the reader. With Generic
structures are :
·
Orientation tells who was
involved, what happened, where the events took place, and when it happened.
·
Events tell what happened
and in what sequence.
·
Reorientation consists of
optional-closure of events/ending.
2. Example
Ø
Personal
recount text
My
Adolescence
Orientation:
I
had my adolescence when I was thirteen.
Events:
It started with acne that showed up
on my face. It was very annoying. It lowered my self-esteem and I was
embarrassed to come out of my house and play with friends.
Fortunately, my Mum gave me a good medicine. In three weeks,
the acnes started to vanish although those showed some black spots in my face.
Reorientation:
That was my bad experience with
adolescence, though there were still lots of good experience too.
Ø General Recount Text
Pangandaran Beach
Orientation:
The tour
to Pangandaran Beach started on holiday last semester. We decided to go to
Pangandaran Beach by our motorbike. That was very interesting tour. Riding a
motorbike from my hometown, Cirebon, to Pangandaran Beach with my best friends
made me feel exited.
Events:
The tour
to Pangandaran Beach began at 09.00 a.m. in the morning and it took 5 hours
riding to Pangandaran Beach. There were so many story that my friends and I got
when we were in the tour such as there was my friend who got lost, ran out of
fuel in the middle of jungle, and so forth. But it was interesting, because it
was the first moment that I ever had in touring.
We
arrived at Pangandaran Beach at 02.00 p.m. and we stright to move to the beach.
At beach we just lied down there to stretch our muscle because of 5 hours
riding. We also had a lunch there by eating some foods that we brought from
Cirebon. That was very nice moment when we shared our own food to others.
After we
had enough rest, we began to explore Pangandaran Beach. Started by exploring
the beach, and the sea using rented boat. Then we went to dive by renting some
diving equipment. We could see many coral there. We just had 2 hours to enjoy
Pangandaran Beach because we had to come back to Cirebon.
Reorientation:
We came
back to Cirebon at 04.00 p.m. It was imposible to ride in the night, so we just
decided to stay over in our friend house in Ciamis and we started to come back
in the morning. That was very nice experience that I and my friends ever had.
We would never forget that moment.
VI
Analytical
1. Example :
Cars Should Be Benned
Thesis
Cars should be banned in the city.
As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other
accidents.
Argument
1
Firstly, cars, as we all know,
contribution to the most of the pollution in the world. Cars emit a deadly gas
that causes illness such as bronchritis, lung cancer, and ‘triggers’ off
asthma. Some of these illnesses are so bad that people can die from them.
Argument
2
secondly, the city is very busy.
Pedestrians wander everywhere and cars commonly hit pedestrains in the city,
which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers.
Argument
3
Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you
live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or concentrate on
your homework, and especially talk to someone.
Reiteration
in conclusion, cars should be benned
from the city for the reason listed.
VII
Hortatory
1. Example :
Learning English Through Music and Songs is Fun
Learning English through music and songs can be very enjoyable. You can mix pleasure with learning when you listen to a song and exploit the song as a means to your English progress. Some underlying reason can be drawn to support the idea why we use songs in language learning.
Firstly, “the song stuck in my head” Phenomenon (the echoing in our minds of the last song we heard after leaving a restaurant, shopping malls, etc) can be both enjoyable and sometimes unnerving. This phenomenon also seems to reinforce the idea that songs work on our short-and-long term memory.
Secondly, songs in general also use simple conversational language, with a lot of repetition, which is just what many learners look for sample text. The fact that they are effective makes them many times more motivating than other text. Although usually simple, some songs can be quite complex syntactically, lexically and poetically, and can be analyzed in the same way as any other literary sample.
Furthermore, song can be appropriated by listener for their own purpose. Most pop songs and probably many other types don’t have precise people, place or time reference.
In addition, songs are relaxing. They provide variety and fun, and encourage harmony within oneself and within one group. Little wonder they are important tools in sustaining culture, religion, patriotism and yeas, even revolution.
Last but not least, there are many learning activities we can do with songs such as studying grammar, practicing selective listening comprehension, translating songs, learning vocabulary, spelling and culture.
From the elaboration above, it can be concluded that learning through music and songs, learning English can be enjoyable and fun.
